A recent article in The Lancet estimated that the Indian population has inadequate intake of 15 dietary micronutrients. The study estimated intakes of 15 micronutrients in 185 countries, based on unsupplemented diets.
Key findings of the study
- Nearly 70% of the world’s population, or more than 5 billion people, are deficient in iodine, vitamin E and calcium.
- More than 4 billion people (65% of the population) are deficient in iron, while on average more than 50% of the population have inadequate intakes of riboflavin, folate and vitamin C.
- Deficiencies of iodine, vitamin B12 and iron are found in a larger proportion of women than men.
- In contrast, deficiencies of magnesium, vitamin B6, zinc and vitamin C are found in a larger proportion of men than women.
- People aged 10 to 30 years are at the highest risk of calcium deficiency.
- This problem persists especially in regions like South Asia, Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa.
With regard to India
- People in India are not consuming enough essential micronutrients like iron, calcium and folate.
- Iodine deficiency is more common among women than men in India. Zinc and magnesium deficiency was found in men as compared to women.
- The Lancet is an independent, international weekly general medical journal and is one of the oldest journals of its kind.
- It was started in the year 1823 by Thomas Wakley.
What are micronutrients
- Micronutrients are essential nutrients for the body, which play an extremely important role in maintaining the body healthy and its proper functioning.
- They include vitamins and minerals that contribute to the functioning of various bodily processes, including metabolism, immune function and bone health.
Examples of micronutrients
Vitamins
- Vitamin A: Essential for vision, immune function and skin health.
- Vitamin C: Important for the immune system, skin health and antioxidant protection.
Minerals
- Iron: Important for the formation of hemoglobin, which helps transport oxygen in the blood.
- Calcium: Important for bone health and muscle function.
Importance of micronutrients
- Deficiency: Micronutrient deficiencies can lead to a variety of health problems. For example, vitamin A deficiency can cause vision problems, while iron deficiency can cause anemia.
- Balance: A balanced diet usually contains all the essential micronutrients, but supplementation may be needed in case of certain deficiencies or dietary restrictions.