A recent study conducted by the International Panel of Experts on Sustainable Food Systems (IPES-Food) focusses on the unprecedented ‘land squeeze’, threatening farmers and food production.Land squeeze refers to the situation where the demand for land for various purposes (agriculture, urbanisation, infrastructure, etc.) outpaces the available cultivable land.
Key Highlights of the Report
- The report warns of prevalent “land squeeze” due to rising land prices, land grabs, and carbon schemes, threatening farmers and food production.
- Globally, the top 1% of the world’s largest farms now control 70% of the world’s farmland.
- As land becomes scarce, it can be converted from productive agricultural land to other uses, impacting food production
- Between 2008-2022, there has been a doubling of global land prices.
- This increase has been particularly pronounced in Central-Eastern Europe, where prices have tripled.
- “Green grabs,” land acquisitions are evidently motivated by environmental concerns, now account for approximately 20% of large-scale land deals.
- Green grabbing refers to the large-scale acquisition or control of land and resources for environmental purposes, often with negative social and economic consequences. It’s essentially land grabs done under the guise of environmental protection.
- Over half of the land designated by governments for carbon removal projects presents a potential risk of interference with the livelihoods of small-scale farmers and Indigenous people.
- Carbon offset markets are expected to quadruple in the next 7 years
Key Impacts of Land Squeeze
Loss of Access and Control for Farmers and Rural Communities
Displacement and Dispossession: Land grabs and other pressures force small-scale farmers and indigenous communities off their land, disrupting their livelihoods and traditional ways of life.
Threatens Food Security: With fewer farmers and less land available for food production, overall food security becomes threatened, particularly for local communities.
Weakened Bargaining Power: Loss of land ownership puts farmers at a disadvantage in negotiating fair prices for their products from powerful agribusinesses.
Exacerbated Rural Poverty: Limited access to land restricts opportunities for rural populations, trapping them in a cycle of poverty.
Environmental Degradation
- Unsustainable Practices: The focus on large-scale, export-oriented agriculture often leads to unsustainable land use practices, such as deforestation, soil depletion, and overuse of water resources.
- Loss of Biodiversity: Land conversion for mining, infrastructure, and industrial agriculture destroys natural habitats and threatens biodiversity.
- Increased Vulnerability to Climate Change: Degradation of soil health and loss of natural vegetation weaken ecosystems, making them more vulnerable to climate shocks.
Social Unrest and Conflict
- Competition for Resources: Competition for scarce land resources can lead to social tensions and conflicts between communities and investors.According to the report by IPES-Food, over half of the land designated by governments for carbon removal projects presents a potential risk of interference with the livelihoods of small-scale farmers and indigenous people.
- Instability and Outmigration:Loss of land and livelihood opportunities triggers rural-urban migration, putting pressure on urban resources and social services.