China and Bhutan held the 13th Expert Group Meeting (EGM) in Beijing, focusing on boundary delimitation. The meeting marked the establishment of a Joint Technical Team on the Delimitation of the China-Bhutan Boundary.As both nations aim to expedite boundary resolution, this move holds implications for the broader regional context, including India.
Key Highlights of the 13th Expert Group Meeting Meeting
- Both nations expressed their commitment to expedite efforts towards achieving a resolution on the disputed boundary.
- Plans were laid out for the upcoming 14th round of boundary talks to maintain the encouraging pace.
- The meeting addressed the implementation of the Three-Step Road Map, reflecting the commitment to follow the outlined strategy for expediting boundary negotiations.
How Recent Developments in China-Bhutan Relations Concerning India
- Recent developments of China and Bhutan could affect India’s strategic interests, especially in the Doklam tri-junction, where India, Bhutan, and China meet.
- China has also revived its claim to the eastern region of Bhutan, known as Sakteng (Wildlife Sanctuary), which borders the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh.
- China considers Arunachal Pradesh as part of its territory and calls it “South Tibet”. China’s claim to Sakteng could be seen as a pressure tactic to force Bhutan to accept its terms on the boundary issue, as well as to challenge India’s sovereignty over Arunachal Pradesh.
- Bhutan is one of India’s closest allies in the region, and India has long provided economic and military support to Bhutan. However, in recent years, China has been increasing its economic and diplomatic ties with Bhutan, which could potentially weaken India’s influence in the region.
India’s Relations with Bhutan
Historical and Cultural Ties
- India and Bhutan share a common cultural heritage, rooted in Buddhism, Hinduism, and other traditions.
- A number of Bhutanese pilgrims travel to Bodh Gaya, Rajgir, Nalanda, Sikkim, Udayagiri, and other Buddhist sites in India.
- Bhutan was one of the first countries to recognize India’s sovereignty and independence in 1947 and has supported its development and modernization ever since.
Strategic and Security Cooperation
- India and Bhutan signed a Treaty of Friendship in 1949, which was revised in 2007, to establish peace and non-interference in each other’s internal affairs.
- India has provided Bhutan with assistance in areas such as defence, infrastructure, and communication, which has helped to maintain Bhutan’s sovereignty and territorial integrity.
- In 2017, during the Doklam standoff between India and China, Bhutan played a crucial role in allowing Indian troops to enter its territory to resist Chinese incursions.
Economic and Development Partnership
- The India-Bhutan Agreement on Trade, Commerce, and Transit (signed in 1972 and revised in 2016) establishes a free trade regime between the two countries.
- India is Bhutan’s largest trading partner. India also provides economic aid and assistance to Bhutan’s socio-economic development, especially in the sectors of agriculture, irrigation, infrastructure, energy, health, education, and culture.
- India’s top exports to Bhutan are petrol & diesel, passenger cars, rice, wood charcoal, cellphones, soya-bean oil, excavators, electric generators and motors, parts for turbines, and transport vehicles.
- India’s top imports from Bhutan are electricity, betel nut, oranges, semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel, boulders, etc.
- India is the leading source of investments in Bhutan, comprising 50% of the country’s total FDI.